WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PSORIASIS AND ECZEMA?

Eczema and psoriasis are two common skin conditions that can cause troublesome symptoms and affect your quality of life. Read on to learn more about the similarities and differences between these two diseases.

WHAT IS ECZEMA?

Eczema is a broad term encompassing a group of skin diseases characterized by inflammation of the outer layer of the skin. In this context, the term “eczema” is commonly used to describe the atopic form of the condition, also known as atopic dermatitis. This variant is the most prevalent type of eczema, affecting 17% of Canadians at some point in their lives.

Typically hereditary, eczema tends to manifest in early childhood, with a higher likelihood of occurrence in children whose parents have a history of eczema. Additionally, these individuals may be more prone to developing conditions like asthma or hay fever.

WHAT IS PSORIASIS?

Psoriasis is less prevalent than eczema, with an estimated 2% to 3% of Canadians affected by this condition. It is classified as an autoimmune skin disease, indicating that the immune system erroneously targets the skin cells.

The term “psoriasis” commonly denotes the plaque form of the disease, primarily impacting adults and accounting for 90% of cases. In children, psoriasis typically manifests in the form of guttate psoriasis, characterized by teardrop-shaped spots.

WHAT DO ECZEMA AND PSORIASIS LESIONS LOOK LIKE?

The lesions caused by eczema and psoriasis have certain similarities, but also several distinctive characteristics that enable your health professional, for example, a family doctor or dermatologist, to make a diagnosis.

Characteristics

Atopic Eczema

Plaque Psoriasis

Appearance of skin lesions

Red, dry, swollen areas of skin combined with often intense itchiness

 

Sometimes the lesions can weep, become scaly, or form scabs.

Dry or red skin plaques with clearly defined edges. Plaques are covered with silvery-white scales that come off in flakes.

 

Lesions are sometimes painful or itchy.

Location of lesions

Anywhere on the body, but typically in the crook of the knees and elbows, or on the face, neck, or hands

Anywhere on the body, but typically on the elbows, knees, scalp, chest, or lower back

 

People with psoriasis can develop a complication known as psoriatic arthritis, which causes swelling and pain in the joints.

People with eczema tend to scratch a lot because of the itchiness, which can lead to skin infections and skin thickening (lichenification).

WHAT TRIGGERS ECZEMA OR PSORIASIS SYMPTOMS?

Lesions associated with eczema and psoriasis often follow a cyclical pattern, where they can suddenly flare up, temporarily disappear during remission, and then reappear triggered by various factors.

Eczema flare-ups may be initiated by exposure to allergens or irritating substances like chemical products or rough-textured fabrics such as wool. Environmental elements like extreme temperatures or very dry air can also contribute to symptoms. Stress, infections, or the consumption of certain foods can act as additional triggers for eczema.

In the case of psoriasis, flare-ups are commonly triggered by factors like sunburn or skin injuries, even minor ones such as shaving nicks, insect bites, scratches, bruises, or blisters. Some medications may induce psoriasis or exacerbate an existing flare-up. Similar to eczema, psoriasis can be triggered by stress, infections, or cold and dry weather. Individuals who are obese or smoke are more prone to experiencing psoriasis flare-ups.

HOW IS ECZEMA TREATED?

The treatment of eczema primarily focuses on reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms. It should be tailored to the severity of the condition and may involve the following:

  • Daily Application of Emollient Cream:
    • Utilizing an emollient cream on a daily basis helps maintain skin moisture and prevents eczema flare-ups. Application is recommended both during and between flare-ups.
  • Topical Corticosteroid Use:
    • During eczema flare-ups, applying a topical corticosteroid helps diminish skin inflammation. In severe cases, injectable biologic drugs may be necessary.
  • Antihistamines, Especially at Night:
    • The use of antihistamines, particularly at night, is recommended to alleviate itching.

HOW IS PSORIASIS TREATED?

    • The treatment for psoriasis, like that for eczema, revolves around reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. It may encompass the following approaches:
      1. Topical Creams and Ointments:
        • Prescription of corticosteroid, retinoid, or vitamin D-based products to mitigate inflammation and address thick plaques.
      2. Light Therapy (UVB Treatment):
        • Exposure of the skin to controlled doses of ultraviolet rays in light therapy, aimed at reducing inflammation.
      3. Systemic Drugs:
        • In severe cases, oral or injectable medications, including immunosuppressive drugs, may be necessary to modulate the immune system response.
      4. Biologic Treatments:
        • For individuals with severe, chronic psoriasis, biologic treatments are an option. These treatments target specific proteins in the immune system responsible for inflammation.

      Additionally, identifying and avoiding triggers play a crucial role in treating both eczema and psoriasis. Consult your pharmacist for guidance on selecting products tailored to your specific needs, such as gentle options for skincare.