HOW TO TREAT VAGINITIS

Ever experienced vaginal itching or irritation, or abnormal discharge? Approximately 3 out of every 4 women will suffer from vaginitis at least once in their lives. There are a host of factors that can trigger this inflammation, and the treatment depends on the cause.

WHAT IS VAGINITIS?

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the vagina. It can also be associated with vulvitis (inflammation of the vulva). Symptoms vary depending on the cause

WHAT CAUSES VAGINITIS?

This article focuses specifically on infectious causes of vaginitis. It’s important to note that non-infectious factors, such as menopause or the use of irritant products, can also contribute to vaginitis.

Yeast Infection (Vaginal Candidiasis): Vaginal yeast infections result from an imbalance in vaginal flora and changes in the vagina’s pH level. This imbalance allows fungi, typically Candida albicans (in 90% of cases), to multiply and cause infection.

Common symptoms of vaginal yeast infections include a thick, white or yellowish discharge, often accompanied by intense itching or irritation. It’s essential to differentiate between a yeast infection and urinary tract infections in women.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Bacterial vaginosis occurs when bacteria take advantage of an imbalance in vaginal flora, leading to an overgrowth and infection. This condition is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), as the responsible bacteria naturally inhabit the vagina.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include a whitish-grey, foul-smelling discharge (described as fishy odor) and mild itchiness.

Trichomoniasis (Parasitic Vaginitis): Trichomoniasis, or trich, is an easily treatable sexually transmitted infection caused by a microscopic parasite found in the foreskin of the penis or in vaginal discharge. Symptoms typically appear 5 to 28 days after unprotected sexual intercourse.

Common symptoms include foul-smelling, yellowish or green frothy discharge and itching.

Risk Factors: Various factors can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections by disrupting the vagina’s natural balance. These factors include hormonal changes related to pregnancy, menstruation, or contraceptives; age, with women in their thirties and forties being more prone; sexual activity; poorly controlled diabetes; antibiotic use; chemotherapy; strong emotions; and wearing sportswear that causes chafing or traps moisture in the genital area, such as cycling shorts or swimsuits.

HOW TO TREAT VAGINITIS

Yeast Infections: Vaginal yeast infections can be effectively treated with over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications, including vaginal tablets, suppositories (ovules), creams, and single-dose oral tablets. When using creams or suppositories, it’s advisable to take them at bedtime for 1 to 7 consecutive days, continuing during your menstrual period. Panty liners are recommended throughout the treatment period. If symptoms persist despite OTC treatments, consulting a doctor is advisable.

Sexual partners typically do not require treatment, as yeast infections are rarely transmitted to men. However, if a partner experiences redness and itching around the head of the penis, applying an antifungal cream twice a day for 7 days may be recommended.

Bacterial Vaginosis and Trichomoniasis: Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis necessitate a medical examination, as these conditions are treated with antibiotics available only through a doctor’s prescription. In the case of trichomoniasis, it is crucial for sexual partners to undergo treatment, even if they are asymptomatic.

When to See a Doctor for Vaginitis: It is advisable to consult a doctor for a diagnosis if you are experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge for the first time. Foul-smelling discharge or symptoms associated with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis always warrant a medical consultation for appropriate prescription-only treatment.

For vaginal yeast infections, seeking medical attention is important in the following cases:

  • If you are a girl under the age of 12 or prepubescent.
  • If you are pregnant.
  • If you have diabetes.
  • If you experience bleeding.
  • If this is your second infection in less than two months or if you have had four or more infections in the past 12 months.
  • If you have a fever, abdominal pain, or an increased urge to urinate.

HOW TO PREVENT VAGINITIS?

To reduce the risk of vaginitis, avoid anything that may irritate the vagina or that can promote the growth of fungi and the spread of bacteria:

  • Scented hygiene products
  • Tight clothing
  • Vaginal douches
  • Oils, strong soaps, perfumes
  • Underwear made from synthetic fabrics

To reduce the risk of trichomoniasis, always practice safe sex.