ALLERGY OR COLD? HOW TO TELL?

When you catch a common cold, your body’s immune system gears up to battle the virus, leading to various symptoms. However, in the case of hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, the symptoms occur because your body reacts excessively to tiny particles called “allergens” present in the air, such as pollen or ragweed. Sometimes, it can be tricky to distinguish between the symptoms of hay fever, which is an allergy, and those of a regular cold. They might overlap, including signs like a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, and coughing.

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, sinuses, and eyes. It occurs when the immune system reacts excessively to a typically harmless substance, or allergen. This immune response triggers the release of certain chemicals, like histamine and leukotrienes, which lead to the allergy symptoms.

Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

  • Itchy sensations in the nose, palate, or throat.
  • Runny nose or nasal congestion.
  • Frequent sneezing.
  • Red, itchy, or watery eyes.

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist for guidance and appropriate treatment options.

THE COMMON COLD

The “Common cold” is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, specifically the nose and throat. While there are over 100 viruses that can lead to a cold, it is often caused by the highly contagious rhinovirus, which remains prevalent throughout the year, making it possible to catch a cold at any time.

Symptoms of a cold typically include:

  • Runny nose or nasal congestion.
  • Occasional muscle discomfort.
  • Sneezing.
  • Fatigue.
  • Throat irritation.
  • Dry or productive cough.

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, seeking advice from your healthcare provider or pharmacist is recommended. They can assist you in managing your symptoms and provide suitable treatments.

Common cold or hay fever?

It’s easy to confuse the symptoms of hay fever (a form of allergy) and those of the common cold, as they share many similarities.
Hay Fever Cold
Nasal discharge (mucus secretion) Very liquid (transparent), may sometimes thicken Thick (white, yellowish, or greenish)
Nasal congestion Both nostrils One or both nostrils
Sneezing Often (serial) Occasionally
Itchiness In the nose or throat No itchiness
Red, watery, or itchy eyes Often No eye symptoms
Cough Sometimes, especially if the person is asthmatic Often

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALLERGIES

Seasonal allergies: When the allergen responsible for allergic rhinitis is only found during a particular time of the year, the symptoms will consistently manifest during that specific season. For instance, individuals allergic to tree pollen may experience symptoms in the spring, while those with a ragweed allergy might encounter symptoms in the fall.

Perennial allergies: In cases where the allergen is present in the environment year-round, symptoms can persist throughout every season. Allergens like dust mites, dust, and molds can trigger allergic rhinitis symptoms continuously throughout the year.

SKIN TESTING FOR ALLERGIES, TO HELP YOU IDENTIFY TRIGGERS

If you suffer from hay fever, it is important to minimize your exposure to the allergen that triggers your symptoms. However, to do that, you need to know your enemy. Otherwise your efforts may be in vain. An allergy test will identify which allergens you react to. Then you can better target ways to avoid them and to anticipate the periods when they are likely to be present.

WHEN IN DOUBT, ASK YOUR PHARMACIST

If you’re uncertain about the cause of your symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult with your pharmacist. They can assist in distinguishing between allergic rhinitis and a common cold and, if needed, recommend a doctor’s evaluation. Your pharmacist can also provide advice on appropriate medications or other strategies to alleviate your symptoms.

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