DIABETES AND FOOT CARE

EFFECT OF DIABETES ON NERVES AND SMALL BLOOD VESSELS

• Tingling sensations, akin to a continuous pricking with a needle.
• Numbness.
• Sharp, shooting pains.
• A burning sensation, even in the absence of actual heat.
• Partial or complete loss of feeling in the limbs.

One of the concerning aspects of diabetic neuropathy is that it reduces sensitivity, particularly in the feet, making it difficult for individuals with diabetes to perceive pain, temperature changes, and injuries as keenly as others. This reduced sensitivity increases the likelihood of cuts and sores going unnoticed.

Furthermore, individuals with diabetes may experience compromised blood circulation, which can hinder the healing process. Consequently, minor wounds can become infected and challenging to manage.

Considering that feet are especially vulnerable to minor injuries that may escape notice in people with neuropathy, coupled with the fact that diabetes can slow down the natural healing process, it is crucial to exercise extra caution and prioritize foot care when living with diabetes.

HOW TO PREVENT DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

• Adhering to a nutritious diet.
• Engaging in regular physical activity.
• Achieving and sustaining a healthy body weight.
• Cessation of smoking if you are a tobacco user.

By consistently following these guidelines, individuals with diabetes can take proactive steps to better manage their condition and potentially reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy or slow its progression.

FOOT CARE

• Inspect your feet and toes every day under good lighting. Utilize a mirror if necessary.
• Cleanse your feet at least once a day with warm water and a mild soap. Verify the water temperature with your elbow and ensure thorough drying, including between the toes.
• Be vigilant for blisters, cuts, scratches, and redness on your feet and address them promptly.
• Apply a fragrance-free moisturizing lotion if your feet’s skin is dry, but avoid applying it between your toes.
• Regularly trim your toenails, disinfecting tools with rubbing alcohol prior to use, and refrain from sharing them with others.
• Abstain from applying heat pads or very hot compresses (such as hot water bottles) directly to your feet.
• Seek guidance from your physician, pharmacist, or podiatrist before using any products to remove calluses or corns on your feet.
• Avoid walking barefoot, especially in public areas like pools, showers, or spas.
• In the case of a sore on your foot, cleanse the wound with water and mild soap once or twice daily. Apply antibiotic ointment and cover it with a dry bandage. Keep a watchful eye for signs of infection like swelling, redness, discharge, or any unpleasant odor from the wound. If any of these symptoms manifest, consult your doctor or podiatrist without delay.

CONSULT A PODIATRIST

A podiatrist is a medical specialist who focuses on the care of feet. Diabetic individuals should schedule an annual appointment with a podiatrist. The podiatrist is equipped to identify indications of insufficient blood circulation, assess your stance, and pinpoint any areas of high pressure on your feet that may result in potential injuries. They can offer guidance on suitable footwear and furnish orthotic devices to enhance the positioning of your feet. Additionally, consulting a podiatrist for the treatment of corns or calluses is advisable.

CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE FOOTWEAR

Choosing a comfortable pair of shoes is important for preventing foot injuries. Shop for shoes in the late afternoon as feet tend to be more swollen at that time of day. Shoes should be soft and well fitted. Women should avoid wearing high heels.

Opt for cotton socks with no tight elastic around the top (to avoid compressing legs). In cold weather, wool socks can be a good option.

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST

Properly managing diabetes can help delay or prevent the development of complications such as diabetic neuropathy and associated foot issues. To effectively manage diabetes, it’s essential to adhere to your prescribed treatment plan.