HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL

Cholesterol, a crucial fatty substance found throughout the body, is essential for various life-sustaining functions. The liver regulates cholesterol production, generating 80% of the body’s cholesterol and eliminating excess. However, about 20% of blood cholesterol comes from dietary sources, and elevated levels can pose risks like blocked arteries, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and embolisms.

Cholesterol travels in the bloodstream with lipoproteins, primarily LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). LDL, known as “bad” cholesterol, transports cholesterol to body parts, contributing to artery blockage. In contrast, HDL, or “good” cholesterol, transports cholesterol away from arteries back to the liver.

Screening: Blood tests are crucial for detecting high cholesterol, measuring HDL and LDL levels among other parameters.

Preventing Heart Disease: High cholesterol is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but other factors like age, family history, gender, diabetes, high blood pressure, inactivity, obesity, smoking, and reduced kidney function also contribute. Lifestyle modifications can control many risk factors:

  1. Quitting Smoking: A crucial step to reduce cardiovascular risk.
  2. Healthy Eating Habits:
    • Consume fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and fiber.
    • Limit trans fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol-rich foods.
    • Control sugar and sweets intake.
    • Opt for low-fat dairy and include nuts, chickpeas, and lentils in the diet.
  3. Achieving Ideal Body Weight:
  4. Regular Exercise:
    • Adults should engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 2.5 hours per week.
    • Muscle-strengthening exercises are recommended at least twice a week.
  5. Stress Management: Professional help may be sought if needed.
  6. Limiting Alcohol Consumption: Recommended limit is 1 to 2 drinks per day.

Treatment: Based on risk factors and cholesterol levels, doctors may prescribe medication as a complement to lifestyle changes. Medications do not replace healthy habits but support them. Regular follow-up appointments and blood tests are essential for monitoring progress.

For More Information or Support: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada