Zika Virus

Zika Virus: Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, Pregnancy, and Prevention

Symptoms: The incubation period for Zika virus symptoms is typically 3 to 12 days, featuring fever, headache, rash, muscle or joint pain, and conjunctivitis. While many infected individuals remain asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms lasting about a week, the virus can lead to severe disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers.

Transmission: Primarily transmitted through mosquito bites, especially during the day. The virus can also be transmitted from an infected pregnant woman to her baby and sexually transmitted by an infected man through semen.

Treatment: No specific treatment for Zika virus exists. Symptomatic relief involves rest, hydration, and the use of analgesics like acetaminophen. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

Pregnancy: Zika virus can cause severe birth defects, making it crucial for pregnant individuals to discuss travel plans with healthcare providers. Specific measures are recommended upon returning from a Zika-affected area for those planning to conceive.

Prevention: No vaccine or medication prevents Zika virus. To avoid mosquito bites:

• Wear light-colored, full-length clothing, a hat, and shoes.
• Use insect repellents containing DEET or icaridin on exposed skin.
• Opt for clothing impregnated with insect repellent.
• Stay in screened, sealed, or air-conditioned accommodations.
• Sleep under a bed net, preferably treated with insecticide.

For those returning from a risk area, prevent sexual transmission using condoms or other barrier methods for several months.

Travelers: Seek medical attention promptly if Zika-like symptoms occur after a trip. In case of fever, consult a doctor immediately, specifying travel history.

Refer to “Essential Information for a Safe Trip” for more details.