HIGH-ALTITUDE TRAVEL: ALTITUDE SICKNESS

High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Sickness: Overview, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Overview: High-altitude travel can lead to health problems due to inadequate acclimatization to lower oxygen levels. Altitude sickness includes Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE), and High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). Travel to elevations above 2,500 meters may result in these conditions.

Caution: Altitude travel can worsen underlying illnesses. No direct link between physical fitness and altitude sickness exists. Risk factors include a history of altitude sickness, strenuous activity, alcohol or sedative use before acclimatizing, and rapid ascent.

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): AMS is common above 2,400 meters, affecting 25% of adults. Symptoms include headache, nausea, loss of appetite, breathlessness, fatigue, dizziness, and sleep disturbances. Gradual ascent, avoiding strenuous activities, and alcohol during acclimatization help prevent AMS.

Preventing AMS:

  1. Gradual ascent: “Climb high, Sleep low.”
  2. Avoid strenuous activities and alcohol during acclimatization.
  3. Limit fast ascent to sleeping altitudes beyond 3,000 meters.
  4. Spend 2-3 nights at 2,500 to 3,000 meters before going higher.
  5. Ascend 300 to 400 meters a day beyond 3,000 meters.
  6. Plan rest days every 3-4 days.
  7. Stay hydrated and opt for carbohydrate-rich foods.
  8. Avoid smoking and overexertion.

Treating AMS:

  1. Stop climbing at the first symptoms.
  2. Rest at the same altitude; acclimatization may take 12 hours to 4 days.
  3. If symptoms persist or worsen, descend at least 500 meters.
  4. Seek medical help promptly if symptoms don’t improve.
  5. For AMS-related headaches, analgesics like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be recommended.

Note: Consult a healthcare provider before travel for overall health assessment, travel plans, and medication needs. The Public Health Agency of Canada provides more information.