Zika Virus

TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS

Zika virus is carried by the same type of mosquito that transmits dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. It may also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person, blood transfusion, and from a mother to a newborn. The virus has been found in breast milk, but it is unknown if the virus can be transmitted via breastfeeding. Zika virus is present in Africa, parts of Asia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, South America, parts of the Caribbean and in parts of the southern United States.

PREVENTION

As of 2018, there is no available vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. Travelers who visit regions affected by Zika should take precautions to shield themselves from mosquito bites. This can be achieved through the use of insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, utilizing mosquito nets over sleeping areas, and ensuring doors and windows are equipped with screens.

Additionally, individuals returning from high-risk Zika-affected regions should remain vigilant by applying insect repellent for a minimum of three weeks after returning. It is also advisable to practice safe sex by using condoms or abstaining from sexual activity for six months or longer after returning, especially if there is potential exposure to the virus.

SYMPTOMS

Only 20 to 25% of people infected with Zika virus are believed to develop symptoms.

These include:

• Low-grade fever
• Joint pain
• Red eyes
• Rash
• Generalized symptoms such as muscle pain, physical weakness, lack of energy and headaches.

The incubation period of Zika virus ranges from 3 to 12 days. The disease’s symptoms are usually mild and last for 2 to 7 days. Most people recover fully without severe complications, hospitalization rates are low and death is rare. Zika virus infection may go unrecognized or be misdiagnosed as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya or other viral infections causing fever and rash.